Sunday, March 31, 2013

District attorney, wife found dead in Texas county where assistant DA was shot, police say

Mike McLelland, the Kaufman County District Attorney, and his wife Cynthia were found shot to death inside their home Saturday. The brutal double-murder comes nearly two months after his assistant was killed on his way to work. NBC's Mark Schnyder reports.

By Frank Heinz, NBCDFW.com

Kaufman County District Attorney Mike McLelland and his wife Cynthia were found shot to death inside their Forney home Saturday, nearly two months to the day after his top assistant was gunned down on his way to work earlier this year.

Kaufman County Sheriff's Department investigators confirmed the deaths to NBC 5 Saturday evening, but had little else to say in the early stages of the investigation.

See original report at NBCDFW.com

One source close to the probe said the top prosecutor and his wife were found by a concerned relative or close friend who had gone to the house about 4 p.m. after being unable to reach them.


Other sources told NBC 5 that the McLelland's front door may have been kicked in and that gunshots had been fired, though police have not independently confirmed that information.

There was no immediate confirmed link between Saturday's murders and the Jan. 31 slaying of Kaufman County Assistant District Attorney Mark Hasse, but it would be hard to not speculate on possible connections.? With that in mind, officials contacted all Kaufman County officials to ensure their safety Saturday. One former Kaufman County prosecutor was "in hiding" Saturday evening and said others were as well.

While police officers are frequently the target of violence while trying to apprehend criminals, attacks on prosecutors are extremely rare though not unheard of.? McLelland said as much in January when speaking about his slain friend when he said Hasse was aware of the dangers associated with being a prosecutor.

Kaufman County

Kaufman County District Attorney Mike McLelland

At the time, he described Hasse as a really, really good man that was an excellent friend and a spectacular prosecutor who wouldn't be easily replaced. He also vowed to catch Hasse's killers saying, "I hope that the people that did this are watching. Because we're very confident that we're going to?find you, pull you out of whatever hole you're in, bring you back and let the people of Kaufman County prosecute you to the fullest extent of the law."

FBI agents and Texas Rangers, who were still investigating the unsolved slaying of Hasse, are now leading the investigation into Saturday's murders, according to a federal law enforcement source.

McLelland and his wife, Cynthia Woodward McLelland, have five children including two daughters and three sons.? One of the sons is a Dallas police officer.

Investigators are expected to hold a news conference Sunday morning. ?More information is expected to be released at that time.

NBC 5's Ray Villeda and Scott Gordon contributed to this report.

Source: http://feeds.nbcnews.com/c/35002/f/653381/s/2a2bff9a/l/0Lusnews0Bnbcnews0N0C0Inews0C20A130C0A30C30A0C175342190Edistrict0Eattorney0Ewife0Efound0Edead0Ein0Etexas0Ecounty0Ewhere0Eassistant0Eda0Ewas0Eshot0Epolice0Esay0Dlite/story01.htm

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Pincam (for iPhone)


When Twitter's video sharing app Vine launched last month to great fanfare, what you often heard was that it was "like Instagram for video." (Around the same time, Twitter actually stopped allowing Instagram photos to show up on users' streams.) But the comparison doesn't flesh out very well, since a big part of Instagram is its ability to enhance your mobile photos with effect filters and retro looks.

Pincam, a recent free iPhone app from the South Korean firm SK Planet, steps in to give us a closer video analog for Instagram, complete with filters and direct uploading to YouTube and Facebook. This is in spite of the app's frequent use of the term "pin," which would suggest a tie-in with Pinterest. Even the app's logo resembles that social network's, but I found no real tie-ins or resemblances. In any case, the video pinning you do with Pincam, though initially somewhat perplexing, can definitely provide moments of enjoyment with your iPhone's video camera.

Interface
Pincam's initial interface is pretty spare. Its most prominent element is a big, universally understood, red Record button. Other controls grace the corners of the screen: At the top you see Settings and Flash on the left, and switch camera on the right.? The most interesting button is at lower-right?Filters. This lets you see effects like Blue Vintage, Vanilla Sky, Dotty, Mozaic, Tooner, and Sketchbook. The last two are pretty impressive, letting you see and record drawing-like versions of your scene in real time. In all, there are a baker's dozen of effects to choose from.

Recording Video
When you hit that big Record button, a progress bar starts running along the bottom and large Pinterest-like button appears in the right side of the screen. Pressing the latter starts an on-screen timer counting down from three seconds, with the word "Highlight!" superimposed on the recording video.

In some ways, I prefer Vine's ability to let you press the screen to choose when recording should happen. That way, you can easily create clever stop-motion effects. But then there's Vine's stingy six-second limit?.Pincam has you start recording, and then pick the best three-second intervals. You can keep the camera rolling as long as you like, but when you stop it by hitting Record again, you'll see an Encoding message and progress bar. When you then watch the final product, you'll see that Pincam has edited your footage to just the Highlighted sections, with one second added to the start, since it's likely that you missed the very beginning of the interesting bits before hitting the button.

You can't do trimming at specific points in the video, but the Highlight button handles that for you. You can open previously recorded video from your Camera Roll, but only to select and edit down to Hightlights in the clip?you can't add one of Pincam's effects.

My results were more impressive if less pithy than what I'd been able to do with Vine. The filters are a definite plus, and it will be interesting to see whether the app can do for mobile video what Instagram did for mobile photos.

Sharing
After signing into a YouTube account and giving permission for Pincam to access it, you'll be able to add a text caption, which by default just says "via Pincam." I didn't appreciate that you can't choose whether the viddy should be public or private, or choose a category before uploading. After a few minutes, a message informed me that my five-second test upload was Successful! The category was set to Entertainment, and the privacy to Public. Again, I wish I'd been able to choose those before uploading. Facebook uploading is even more streamlined, and my video showed up with an HD viewing option.

A Pincam representative told me that SK Planet would be adding its own online sharing service, so the app will become an even more accurate analog to Instagram. The new service will allow private sharing and have a Facebook tie-in.

Stick a Pin in It
Pincam solved the problem of recording video with monotonous sections you want to ditch. And its cool live filter effects go beyond what you get in Vine, as does its longer time limit. But using Pincam is a bit trickier than shooting with Vine or Lightt, and for that reason, I'd be less likely to use it often. I'd probably prefer a post-shooting video editor such as Apple iMovie for iOS, but video editing on phones remains problematic. Pincam's sharing abilities are reasonable, but I look forward to seeing the app's own upcoming online service. For its superior image capabilities, I give Pincam a higher rating than Vine, but for now the PCMag Editors' Choice is still up for grabs in this still emerging category.

When Twitter's video sharing app Vine launched last month to great fanfare, what you often heard was that it was "like Instagram for video." (Around the same time, Twitter actually stopped allowing Instagram photos to show up on users' streams.) But the comparison doesn't flesh out very well, since a big part of Instagram is its ability to enhance your mobile photos with effect filters and retro looks.

?

Pincam, a recent free iPhone app from the South Korean firm SK Planet, steps in to give us a closer video analog for Instagram, complete with filters and direct uploading to YouTube and Facebook. This is in spite of the app's frequent use of the term "pin," which would suggest a tie-in with Pinterest. Even the app's logo resembles that social network's, but I found no real tie-ins or resemblances. In any case, the video pinning you do with Pincam, though initially somewhat perplexing, can definitely provide moments of enjoyment with your iPhone's video camera.

?

Interface

Pincam's initial interface is pretty spare. Its most prominent element is a big, universally understood, red Record button. Other controls grace the corners of the screen: At the top you see Settings and Flash on the left, and switch camera on the right.? The most interesting button is at lower-right?Filters. This lets you see effects like Blue Vintage, Vanilla Sky, Dotty, Mozaic, Tooner, and Sketchbook. The last two are pretty impressive, letting you see and record drawing-like versions of your scene in real time. In all, there are a baker's dozen of effects to choose from.

?

Recording Video
When you hit that big Record button, a progress bar starts running along the bottom and large Pinterest-like button appears in the right side of the screen. Pressing the latter starts an on-screen timer counting down from three seconds, with the word "Highlight!"ighlight" superimposed.

Hit the Record button again and? another progress bar with the text Encoding

?superimposed on the recording video.

?

In some ways, I prefer Vine's ability to let you press the screen to choose when recording should happen. That way, you can easily create clever stop-motion effects. But then there's Vine's stingy six-second limit?.Pincam has you start recording, and then pick the best three-second intervals. You can keep the camera rolling as long as you like, but when you stop it by hitting Record again, you'll see an Encoding message and progress bar. When you then watch the final product, you'll see that Pincam has edited your footage to just the Highlighted sections, with one second added to the start, since it's likely that you missed the very beginning of the interesting bits before hitting the button.

?

You can't do trimming at specific points in the video, but the Highlight button handles that for you. You can open previously recorded video from your Camera Roll, but only to select and edit down to Hightlights in the clip?you can't add one of Pincam's effects.

?

My results were more impressive if less pithy than what I'd been able to do with Vine. The filters are a definite plus, and it will be interesting to see whether the app can do for mobile video what Instagram did for mobile photos.

?

Sharing
After signing into a YouTube account and giving permission for Pincam to access it, you'll be able to add a text caption, which by default just says "via Pincam." I didn't appreciate that you can't choose whether the viddy should be public or private, or choose a category before uploading. After a few minutes, a message informed me that my five-second test upload was Successful! The category was set to Entertainment, and the privacy to Public. Again, I wish I'd been able to choose those before uploading. Facebook uploading is even more streamlined, and my video showed up with an HD viewing option.

?

A Pincam representative told me that SK Planet would be adding its own online sharing service, so the app will become an even more accurate analog to Instagram. The new service will allow private sharing and have a Facebook tie-in.

?

Stick a Pin in it

Pincam solved the problem of recording video with monotonous sections you want to ditch. And its cool live filter effects go beyond what you get in Vine, as does its longer time limit. But using Pincam is a bit trickier than shooting with Vine or Lightt, and for that reason, I'd be less likely to use it often. I'd probably prefer a post-shooting video editor such as Apple iMovie for iOS, but video editing on phones remains problematic. Pincam's sharing abilities are reasonable, but I look forward to seeing the app's own upcoming online service. For its superior image capabilities, I give Pincam a higher rating than Vine, but for now the PCMag Editors' Choice is still up for grabs in this still emerging category.

Source: http://feedproxy.google.com/~r/ziffdavis/pcmag/~3/8rF7PaHV-1A/0,2817,2417201,00.asp

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PST: Henry's work of art leads Bulls past Union

No question that Mike Petke (pictured) preferred not to wait five matches for his initial win as the New York Red Bulls manager. It must be like getting your first new car ? but being told it will take six weeks to ship.

Either way, New York?s slightly concerning start in 2013 can be dismissed, apparently. The Red Bulls, playing well but unable to pop the top on a sweet victory soda before Saturday, got Petke and themselves a 2-1 win against Philadelphia.

It took something special from Thierry Henry, whose wonderful game-winner was a technical work of art. Truly, Henry doesn?t just score goals, he still scores magnificent ones.

Two things should not be lost in the instinct and expertise of Henry?s awesome, 81st minute two-touch wonder:

Debuting newcomer P?guy Luyindula supplied a swell ball from just beyond the penalty area, giving Henry just enough to work with. The French midfielder, who made 130 appearances over five years at Paris Saint-Germain, already looks like a terrific find for the Red Bulls. His intelligent work off the ball matches the good work with it.

And RBNY midfielder Dax McCarty, who continues to hold his place among Major League Soccer?s most underrated brigade, scored a goal that was every bit as important as Henry?s. McCarty?s goal may not have contained the same aesthetic, but it represented the very height of useful opportunism. It was all about awareness and optimism, mixed with enough craftsmanship to finish the job.

McCarty made something from very little, a critical second-half scoring opener for his club, which was having some issues scoring goals at home before that one.

Here are Saturday?s highlights from Harrison:

.

Source: http://prosoccertalk.nbcsports.com/2013/03/30/highlights-new-york-red-bulls-finally-get-a-win/related/

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Saturday, March 30, 2013

Facebook's Home On Android Could Give You A Sixth Sense For Your Social Life

Facebook Heads Up DisplayConstant, close contact with your friends. That's the promise of a "Facebook phone". The modified Android OS and mobile homescreen replacement sources tell us Facebook will unveil April 4th pushes your social life to you so fetching it isn't interruptive. The News feed brought us ambient intimacy, but Facebook's homescreen could turn that social graph awareness into a sixth sense.

Source: http://feedproxy.google.com/~r/Techcrunch/~3/yLqy1CElVkY/

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Drones over America: How unmanned fliers are already helping cops

It was getting dark, and the sheriff of Nelson County, N.D., was in a standoff with a family of suspected cattle rustlers. They were armed, and the last thing anybody wanted was a shoot out.

U.S. Customs and Border Protection, which monitors police radio chatter, offered to help. Their Predator was flying back to its roost at the Grand Forks Air Force base and could provide aerial support. Did the sheriff want the assist?

Yep.

"We were able to detect that one of the sons was sitting at the end of the driveway with a gun. We also knew that there were small children involved," Sheriff Kelly Janke told NBC News, remembering that tricky encounter in the early summer of 2011. "Someone would have gotten seriously injured if we had gone in on the farm that night." He decided to wait.

The next day, the drone gave them an edge again by helping them choose the safest moment to make a move. "We were able to surprise them ? took them into custody," Janke said. They also collected six stolen cows.

Rodney Brossart, the arrested farmer, sued the state, in part because of the cop's use of a drone. But a district judge ruled that the Predator's service was not untoward.

When advocates express concern about government drones threatening people's privacy, the Brossart case is one they bring up. It's one of the first instances of a flying robot doing a cop's dirty work, and this kind of intervention is likely to be more and more commonplace, as the FAA fulfills a congressional mandate to increase its granting of drone permits ? certificates of authorization, or COAs.

Cops and flying robots
At the moment, there are only 327 active COAs, all held by these organizations, and all for unarmed crafts, of course. A tiny sliver of these permits are in the hands of law enforcement agencies, and from them, we're seeing the first glimpses of drone use in policing and emergency response.

"The FAA has approved us to cover a 16-county area," Sheriff Bob Rost of Grand Forks County, N.D., said of their COA. "To look for missing children, to look for escaped criminals and in the case of emergencies." In the spring, they will use two mini-copter drones ? a trusty DraganFlyer X6 and an AeroVironment Qube ? to check on flooded farms.

The police department in Arlington, Texas, also recently got FAA clearance to fly their drones after two years of testing. The two battery-powered Leptron Avenger helicopter drones won't be used for high-speed chases or routine patrol, the department explains. In fact, the crafts will be driven in a truck to where they're needed, and when they're launched to scope out incidents, local air traffic control will be informed.

In Mesa County, Colo., the police department has used drones to find missing people, do an aerial landfill survey and help out firefighters at a burning church. For them, it's seen as a cost-cutting technology.

"It's the Wal-Mart version of what we'd normally get at Saks Fifth Avenue," said Benjamin Miller, who leads the drones program in Mesa County, comparing drones to manned helicopters that would otherwise give police officers help from the sky.

In Seattle, the police department received an FAA permit ? but had to give back its drones when the mayor banned their use, following protests in October 2012.

Protests and red tape
"Hasn't anyone heard of George Orwell's '1984'?" the Seattle Times quoted a protester as saying. "This is the militarization of our streets and now the air above us."

Protesters, not just in Seattle, seek more legal definition of what a drone can or can't do, and debate whether or not current laws sufficiently protect citizens from unauthorized surveillance and other abuses.

New York City mayor Michael Bloomberg thinks of police drones as an inevitability ? "We're going to have them," he recently said in a radio interview ? while those on the police (and drone) side say the fears are unfounded.

"This hysteria of [a drone] hovering outside your backyard taking a video of you smoking a joint, it's just that ? hysteria," said Al Frazier, an ex-cop from Los Angeles who is now an assistant professor of aeronautics at the University of North Dakota, and a deputy at the Grand Forks sheriff's office.

The reason the sky isn't lousy with drones already mostly has to do with red tape. The FAA's highly restricted drone application for government agencies is supposed to take about 60 days, though unofficially, we're told it's much longer. COAs are also very strict about where, when and by whom a drone is flown.

"I think there are many agencies who would like to use [drones] for public good, but they're stymied by the process," Frazier said.

That's likely to change ? and soon. Last February, Obama signed a mandate that encourages the FAA to let civil and commercial drones join the airspace by 2015. This will take new regulations from the FAA for safe commercial drone flight, and it may take some convincing of local anti-drone activists (who sometimes don't differentiate between drones great and small). It may even require the passing of a few new privacy laws.

Folks like Frazier and Miller don't see the permit process getting easier any time soon but eventually ? inevitably ? and for better or worse, your local police department will get its drone.

Nidhi Subbaraman writes about technology and science. Follow her on Twitter and Google+.

Related:

The drones are coming ... but our laws aren't ready

Anticipating domestic boom, colleges rev up drone piloting programs

Source: http://feeds.nbcnews.com/c/35002/f/653381/s/2a26de47/l/0L0Snbcnews0N0Ctechnology0Ctechnolog0Cdrones0Eover0Eamerica0Ehow0Eunmanned0Efliers0Eare0Ealready0Ehelping0Ecops0E1C9135554/story01.htm

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Tips & Tools To Choose a Great Domain Name - Frank Online ...

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Don Payne, 'Simpsons' co-executive producer and 'Thor' screenwriter, dies of cancer

By Greg Gilman

LOS ANGELES (TheWrap.com) - Don Payne, a co-executive producer of "The Simpsons" and "Thor" screenwriter, died in Los Angeles on Tuesday after battling cancer. He was 48.

The University of California, Los Angeles graduate won four primetime Emmys with "The Simpsons" since joining the Fox show's writing staff in 1998. Payne wrote 16 episodes, including "Fraudcast News," which earned him the 2005 Writers Guild Paul Selvin Award.

"Don was a wonderful writer and an even more wonderful man," said "Simpsons" showrunner Al Jean in a statement. "He was beloved in the 'Simpsons' community and his untimely passing is terrible news to us all. I know he is up with Thor now looking down at us and smiling."

During his tenure at "The Simpsons," Payne also branched out into screenwriting with 2006's "My Super Ex-Girlfriend," followed by 2007's "Fantastic 4: Rise of the Silver Surfer." Payne also wrote a draft of "Thor" for Marvel, before working on the sequel, "Thor: The Dark World."

"Maximum Ride," Payne's most recent writing gig, is an adaptation of a James Patterson novel about genetically-engineered children with wings taking flight across the country to discover their origins. The film doesn't yet have a release date.

Payne had two episodes of "The Simpsons" in production at the time of his death. Both are scheduled to air during the show's Season 25, including this year's Christmas special, "White Christmas Blues."

Payne is survived by his wife and three children.

Source: http://news.yahoo.com/don-payne-simpsons-co-executive-producer-thor-screenwriter-234325755.html

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Russia's NGO checks 'legal and routine' ? Putin ? RT Russian politics

Recent inspections of Russian NGOs were conducted in order to monitor their activity, and to ensure they comply with Russian law, President Vladimir Putin said at the meeting with his human rights plenipotentiary.

?The Prosecutor General?s Office must check the legality of actions of all bodies of power ? regional, municipal, and also public organizations. I think in this case the goal of the inspections is to check how the activities of non-governmental organizations comply with their declared objectives, and with the laws of Russian Federation,? Putin said during his meeting with Vladimir Lukin, Russia?s top Human Rights Commissioner.

The meeting took place as Russian prosecutors, the Justice Ministry and the Tax Service launched a series of surprise inspections of the country?s major NGOs, including leading Russian organizations and the Russian branches of international groups such as Amnesty International and Human Rights Watch.

The international rights community sounded the alarm, blasting the checks as an attempt to pressure activists and silence critics. Germany, France and the United States officially voiced concern over the probes.

During his meeting with Lukin, President Putin tasked the commissioner with monitoring the ongoing situation: ?I would like to rule out any excesses there.?

The Russian Justice Ministry issued a statement on Monday announcing that the NGO inspections were routine and within legal norms: Law enforcement was working under the recently introduced Law on Foreign Agents, which requires all groups with foreign workers or funding to register on a special list and publicly announce their ?foreign agent? status.

The Prosecutor General?s Office said on Thursday that their probes into NGO work were part of an attempt to verify reports that several banned extremist and ultranationalist organizations had attempted to re-register under new names and resume their activities.

The Russian Foreign Ministry said on Friday that regular inspections of such organizations was a generally accepted international practice, and that all groups working in Russia must observe Russian law and report their activities to the authorities.

So far, the auditors have reported no violations in the activities of non-governmental groups, apart from one incident. On Thursday, ?For Human Rights? leader Lev Ponomaryov refused to turn over working documents to inspectors, saying that his organization had already been subjected to a recent check. Law enforcers said the move was a refusal to comply with their lawful demands, and started an administrative case against the activist.

Source: http://rt.com/politics/routine-putin-legal-checks-030/

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School Mental Health Bill | California School Health Centers ...

March 29, 2013 By Marcel 0 Comments

Support AB 174CSHC is sponsoring AB 174, a statewide bill to create a grant program that will fund school-based mental health services for students impacted by trauma. Read more about the bill here.

Trauma has serious consequences for health, educational achievement, and long-term well-being. Currently, there is no state funding explicitly directed to either SBHCs or school-based programs focused on trauma. Barriers inherent in existing funding streams prevent schools and SBHCs from reaching all students with all necessary services.

We need your support to make this issue a priority in the legislature!?Download a?fact sheet here?and?sample letter of support here.

Fax your letter of support to Assembly Member Bonta, ATTN An-Chi Tsou, at?916-319-2118.?

Please also?complete our quick,?1-minute survey here?to help us mobilize school health advocates?around?AB 174.

?

Source: http://www.schoolhealthcenters.org/homepage-posts/school-mental-health-bill/

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Thursday, March 7, 2013

Ford recalls 230,000 minivans for corrosion issues

Ford is recalling about 230,000 older minivans globally to fix a corrosion problem that could prevent the fold-down third-row seats from locking in place.

The recall affects 196,500 Ford Freestar and Mercury Monterey minivans from model years 2004 through 2007 in the United States and another 33,500 in other countries, mostly Canada, Ford spokeswoman Kelli Felker said on Thursday.

In the United States, the recall affects only vehicles sold or registered in 20 salt-belt states and the District of Columbia, she said.

Ford is not aware of any accidents or injuries related to the issue, Felker said.

To address the problem, Ford dealers will install a new third-row seat mounting bracket and move the latches away from the potentially corroded area, while also installing overlay panels in the wheel wells, she said.

The affected states are Connecticut, Delaware, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Ohio, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, Vermont, West Virginia and Wisconsin.

Copyright 2013 Thomson Reuters.

Source: http://www.nbcnews.com/business/ford-recalls-230-000-minivans-corrosion-issues-1C8746978

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Holly Madison Welcomes a Daughter

The former Girls Next Door star and her boyfriend Pasquale Rotella welcomed a daughter on Tuesday, March 5, PEOPLE confirms.

Source: http://feeds.celebritybabies.com/~r/celebrity-babies/~3/rK57S_VZP6k/

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Video: Lab works at extreme edge of cosmic ice

Tuesday, March 5, 2013

Behind locked doors, in a lab built like a bomb shelter, Perry Gerakines makes something ordinary yet truly alien: ice. This isn't the ice of snowflakes or ice cubes. No, this ice needs such intense cold and low pressure to form that the right conditions rarely, if ever, occur naturally on Earth. And when Gerakines makes the ice, he must keep the layer so microscopically thin it is dwarfed by a grain of pollen.

These ultrathin layers turn out to be perfect for recreating some of the key chemistry that takes place in space. In these tiny test tubes, Gerakines and his colleagues in the Cosmic Ice Lab at NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center in Greenbelt, Md., can reproduce reactions in ice from almost any time and place in the history of the solar system, including some that might help explain the origin of life.

"This is not the chemistry people remember from high school," says Reggie Hudson, who heads the Cosmic Ice Lab. "This is chemistry in the extreme: bitter cold, harsh radiation and nearly non-existent pressure. And it's usually taking place in gases or solids, because generally speaking, there aren't liquids in interstellar space."

The Cosmic Ice Lab is one of a few laboratories worldwide where researchers have been studying the ultracool chemistry of cosmic ice. With its powerful particle accelerator, the Goddard lab has the special ability to mimic almost any kind of solar or cosmic radiation to drive these reactions. And that lets them dig deep to study the chemistry of ice below the surface of planets and moons as well as ice in space.

Recipe for disorder

In a vacuum chamber about the size of a lunchbox, Gerakines recreates a little patch of deep space, in all its extremes. He pumps out air until the pressure inside drops to a level a billion times lower than normal for Earth, then chills the chamber to minus 433 degrees Fahrenheit (15 kelvins). To get ice, all that remains is to open a valve and let in water vapor.

The instant the sprightly vapor molecules enter the chamber they are literally frozen in their tracks. Still pointing every which way, the molecules are transformed immediately from their gaseous state into the disorderly solid called amorphous ice. Amorphous ice is exactly the opposite of the typical ice on Earth, which forms perfect crystals like those that make up snowflakes or frost needles. These crystals are so orderly and predictable that this ice is considered a mineral, complete with a rating of 2.5 on the Mohs scale of hardness?the same rating as a fingernail.

Though almost unheard of on Earth, amorphous ice is so widespread in interstellar space that it could be the most common form of water in the universe. Left over from the age when the solar system was born, it is scattered across vast distances, often as particles no bigger than grains of dust. It's also been spotted in comets and icy moons.

The secret to making amorphous ice in the lab, Gerakines finds, is to limit the layer to a depth of about half a micrometer?thinner than a strand of spider's silk.

"Water is such a good insulator that if the ice gets too thick, only the bottom of the sample, closer to the cooling source, will stay sufficiently cold," says Gerakines. "The ice on top will get warm enough to crystallize."

The superthin ice can be spiked with all kinds of interesting chemicals found in space. One set of chemicals that Gerakines works with is amino acids, which are key players in the chemistry of life on Earth. Researchers have spent decades identifying a whole smorgasbord of amino acids in meteorites (including some involved in life), as well as one found in a sample taken from a comet.


NASA scientists at the Goddard Cosmic Ice Lab are studying a kind of chemistry almost never found on Earth. The extreme cold, hard vacuum, and high radiation environment of space allows the formation of an unstructured form of solid water called amorphous ice. Often particles and organic compounds are trapped in this ice that could provide clues to life in the universe. Credit: NASA

"And because water is the dominant form of frozen material in the interstellar medium and outer solar system," says Gerakines, "any amino acids out there are probably in contact with water at some point."

For his current set of experiments, Gerakines makes three kinds of ice, each spiked with an amorphous form of an amino acid (either glycine, alanine or phenylalanine) that is found in proteins.

Gimme shelter

The real action begins when Gerakines hits the ice with radiation.

Earlier studies by other researchers have looked at ice chemistry using ultraviolet light. Gerakines opts instead to look at cosmic radiation, which can reach ice hidden below the surface of a planet or moon. To mimic this radiation, he uses a proton beam from the high-voltage particle accelerator, which resides in an underground room lined with immense concrete walls for safety.

With the proton beam, a million years' worth of damage can be reproduced in just half an hour. And by adjusting the radiation dose, Gerakines can treat the ice as if it were lying exposed or buried at different depths of soil in comets or icy moons and planets.

He tests the three kinds of water-plus-amino-acid ice and compares them to ice made from amino acids only. Between blasts, he checks the samples using a "molecular fingerprinting" technique called spectroscopy to see if the amino acids are breaking down and chemical by-products are forming.

As expected, more and more of the amino acids break down as the radiation dose adds up. But Gerakines notices that the amino acids last longer if the ice includes water than if they are left on their own. This is odd, because when water breaks down, one of the fragments it leaves behind is hydroxyl (OH), a chemical well-known for attacking other compounds.

The spectroscopy confirms that some OH is being produced. But overall, says Gerakines, "the water is essentially acting like a radiation shield, probably absorbing a lot of the energy, the same way a layer of rock or soil would."

When he repeats the experiments at two higher temperatures, he is surprised to find the acids fare even better. From these preliminary measurements, he and Hudson calculate how long amino acids could remain intact in icy environments over a range of temperatures.

"We find that some amino acids could survive tens to hundreds of millions of years in ice near the surface of Pluto or Mars and buried at least a centimeter [less than half an inch] deep in places like the comets of the outer solar system," says Gerakines. "For a place that gets heavy radiation, like Europa, they would need to be buried a few feet." (These findings were reported in the journal Icarus in August 2012.)

"The good news for exploration missions," says Hudson, "is it looks as if these amino acids are actually more stable than anybody realized at temperatures typical of places like Pluto, Europa and even Mars."

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NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center: http://www.nasa.gov/goddard

Thanks to NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center for this article.

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Source: http://www.labspaces.net/127136/Video__Lab_works_at_extreme_edge_of_cosmic_ice

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Wednesday, March 6, 2013

7 tips for keeping your financial fitness - Connections Magazine ...

Financial FitnesspicCFP Shares Easy Ways to Start 2013 Off Right

The new year is a great time to get yourself pointed in the right direction financially. ?Making small improvements at the beginning of the year is a lot easier than trying to play catch-up,? says financial planner Rick Rodgers, author of ?The New Three-Legged Stool: A Tax Efficient Approach To Retirement Planning? (www.TheNewThreeLeggedStool.com).

?Just as you would embark on an exercise program to lose weight and get physically fit, there are simple steps you can take that will lead to being financially healthy and fit.?

Here are Rodgers? seven tips for improving your financial life in 2013.

??Review your credit report ? Borrowing money isn?t the only reason to check your credit.? Employers check credit reports and so do insurance companies.? Your credit score can have a profound effect on the amount you pay for auto and homeowners insurance ? and perhaps on health and life insurance in the not-too-distant future.? Order your free credit report at AnnualCreditReport.com.

??Set up an Automatic Savings Plan (ASP) ? If your employer doesn?t offer this through payroll deduction, you can set one up through your bank or brokerage account.? Simply have a certain amount of money withdrawn from your checking or savings account each month and deposited into your investment account.? That way, you save it before you ever have a chance to spend it.? Try to increase the amount you invest at least once a year.

??Establish a cash flow plan ? Business owners know you can?t control what you don?t track.? Take the time to forecast your income and expenses for the year, and put it in writing.? Then adjust those numbers to reach your goals, such as paying down debt or replacing a car.? Track your progress on a regular basis by holding a monthly family finance meeting to review the plan.

??Pay off your credit cards ? It?s especially important to take action on debt in 2013.? Cash doesn?t earn much interest sitting in a deposit account (less than 1 percent) and even ?low interest? credit cards charge 10 to 12 percent.? So if you?re sitting on any extra savings, consider using it to pay down credit card debt.? Your cash flow plan should include a schedule to eliminate credit card debt as quickly as possible.

??Shop your insurance ? Insurance agents are often paid commission based on premium levels, so they have no incentive for finding existing customers lower premiums.? However, there is a huge incentive for a competing agent to find you the lowest premium in order to win your business.? Make note of the coverage levels you have for your homeowner?s and auto policies and use them to comparison shop.? Look at ways to save on your health insurance coverage, too, such as switching to a high-deductible plan and opening a Health Savings Account.

??Write an estate plan ? At a minimum you need to have a valid will, power-of-attorney (POA) for your finances and health-care decisions, and a living will (Advanced Healthcare Directive in some states).? Decide who will be your personal representative in the event you become incapacitated (POA) or at your death (executor).? If you have minor children, choose who will raise them in your absence and establish a testamentary trust for their finances.

??Meet with a financial adviser ? An adviser is to financial planning as a personal trainer is to an exercise program.? Allow yourself to be held accountable by a third party who will push you to help yourself.? Good advisers will help you develop a budget, look at your debts, tax situation, retirement and college savings, estate planning and insurance.? You don?t have to be a high-net-worth individual to seek the assistance of a financial adviser.? Go to the National Association of Personal Financial Advisors (NAPFA) and search for one in your area.

Don?t just make a vague resolution to save money.? According to Psychology Today, of the millions of Americans who make a New Years resolution, 40% have already failed by Jan. 31.? Let 2013 be the year you make lasting changes to improve your financial life.

About Rick Rodgers

Certified Financial Planner Rick Rodgers is president of Rodgers & Associates, ?The Retirement Specialists,? in Lancaster, Pa.? He?s a Certified Retirement Counselor and member of the National Association of Personal Financial Advisers.? Rodgers has been featured on national radio and TV shows, including ?FOX Business News? and ?The 700 Club,? and is available to speak at conferences and corporate events (www.RodgersSpeaks.com).

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Source: http://www.connections-magazine.com/2013-issues/7-tips-for-keeping-your-financial-fitness/

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